Debt validation: how to make a debt collector prove it
Debts are bought and sold, and records get lost. Federal law gives you the right to make a collector show what they're collecting and why, before you pay anything.
Updated October 11, 2026 · General information, not legal advice.
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Step by step
- 1Find the validation noticeCollectors must send a notice with the amount, the creditor and your rights. It's usually in the first letter, or within 5 days of first contact.
- 2Dispute within 30 daysIf you dispute in writing within the 30-day period on that notice, the collector must stop collecting until it sends you verification.
- 3Ask for specificsAsk for the original creditor, an itemization of the amount, and proof they have the right to collect it.
- 4Check the time limitEvery state limits how long a debt can be sued on. Collectors can't sue or threaten to sue on debt that's past that limit.
- 5Keep it in writingSend letters by certified mail and log every call. You can also tell a collector in writing to stop contacting you.
What not to do
- Don't confirm the debt is yours on the phone
- Don't make a small payment to make calls stop. On an old debt it can restart the time limit in some states
- Don't give bank or card details to a collector you haven't verified
- Don't ignore court papers. If you're sued, respond by the deadline and get legal help
Where to complain
Report collectors who break the rules to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the FTC and your state attorney general.
Questions
What is a debt validation letter?
A written request asking a collector to prove the debt: who the original creditor is, how much is owed and that they have the right to collect. Sent within the 30-day validation period, it pauses collection until they respond.
What if they never validate the debt?
They shouldn't keep collecting until they do. If they continue, you can file a complaint with the CFPB and your state attorney general.